This book provides an analysis of the impact of subordination in the major EMEs. Distinct from ‘dependence’ under official aid till 1970s, subordination prevailed over developing nations withliberalization of capital-flows by the 1990s when markets used as agents for overseas capital for extracting surpluses. Domestic economic policies changed under autarkic neo-liberal norms with stagnation in the real economy. Critiques, of the neo-liberal premises follow in the book with suggested heterodox alternatives. The book also dwells on the economic dynamics of thestructural changes which led finance attain its dominance for those economies with deleterious consequences for the real economy.

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