Sophocles (496–406 BC) was one of the greatest playwrights of ancient Greece and a central figure in the development of classical tragedy. Born in Colonus near Athens, he lived during a time of cultural and political flourishing in the city, which influenced his dramatic work. Sophocles is best known for his tragedies such as Oedipus Rex, Antigone, and Electra, which explore themes of fate, moral responsibility, and the limits of human knowledge. Unlike his predecessors, he introduced a third actor and expanded the role of the chorus, enhancing dramatic complexity and character interaction. His plays are noted for their tight structure, psychological depth, and powerful portrayal of human suffering. Sophocles won numerous awards in dramatic competitions and remained respected throughout his life. His works continue to be studied and performed, shaping the foundations of Western literature and theatre.